Inspection lot origins defined (configured) in the system

No inspection lot origin

01 Goods receipt

02 Goods issue

03 Production

04 Goods receipt from production

05 Other goods receipt

06 Return from customers

07 Vendor audit

08 Stock transfer

09 Recurring inspection

10 Delivery to customer with customer order

11 Delivery to customer without customer order

12 Delivery, in general

13 Repetitive manufacturing

14 Plant Maintenance

15 Sample management

89 Miscellaneous

These are the inspection types defined (configured)

01 Receiving insp. at GR for purchase order

0101 Recv insp at GR from vendor under eval.

0102 Receiving insp. at GR from Pref. Vendor

0103 Receiving insp. at GR from Cert. Vendor

0105 Receiving Insp. at GR - Transfer Orders

0130 Receiving insp. at GR from ext. process.

02 Goods issue inspection

03 In-process insp. for production order

04 Final inspection at GR from production

0401 Inspection at GR from prod. Buffer Stock

05 Insp. for other goods receipt

06 Inspection for returns from customer

07 Audit Inspection

08 Stock transfer inspection

0800 Insp. lot with insp. stock at QM actvtn

0801 Receipt form SLOC to QI

09 Recurring inspection

10 Insp. for delivery to cust. (w/ order)

11 Insp. for delivery to cust. (w/o order)

12 Insp. for delivery in general

13 In-process insp. for run schedule header

14 Inspection in Plant Maintenance

15 Inspection for physical sample

89 Other inspection

8903 Sample management

What is MRP ?

The main objective of MRP is to guarantee material availability.
MRP is required to procure or produce the required quantities on time for internal purpose or for Sales

WHY MRP ?

1. Optimizing service level
2. Minimizing costs and capital lockup.

MRP can be done in several ways:

MRP at plant or MRP Area level

1. With MRP at plant level, the system considers stocks from the storage locations within the plant, excluding the stocks already reserved.
2. In case of MRP area level, the stocks from the storage locations belonging to this MRP area as defined can be taken for planning to generate the requirements.
3. MRP area planning helps in cases where one wants to restrict the planning to certain storage locations.

Lot-Sizing and MRP Procedures

1. Different lot sizing can be combined with different MRPs.

Automatic Planning Run

1. This is done automatically wherein the requirements are generated.
2. The system generates messages in case of critical situations which can be addressed later after the run.

MRP Process Flow

Sales & Distribution gives concrete customer requirements from the market.
In Demand Management, sales are planned in advance via asales forecast.

The result is the independent requirement, i.e., the requirement for the finished product.
In order to cover these requirements, MRP runs and calculatesprocurement quantitiesanddatesas well as plans the corresponding procurement elements.

If a material is produced in-house, the system also calculates the dependent requirements, that is, the quantity of components required to produce the finished product or the assembly, by exploding the BOM.

If a material shortage exists, planned orders are created at every BOM level to cover requirements.Production orders or Purchase orders are created.

The master data forMRP. The following elements are required for MRP:

1. Material master
2. Bills of material
3. Work centre ( in-house production)
4. Routings ( in-house production)
5. Demand management
6. Sales and distribution (optional)

MRP Planning Procedures

1. Material requirements planning
2. Master production scheduling
3. Consumption based planning

• Material requirements planning

1. It uses current and future sales figures.
2. The system calculates the requirements based on the warehouse stock, receipts, etc.
3. If externally procured then procurement proposals; if internal production then it leads to creation of planned orders, and also dependent requirements are calculated.
4. The best thing about this is that it leads to minimization of inventory, which leads to reduction of costs involved.

• Master production scheduling

1. It is for used specifically for critical resources.
2. A separate run occurs for the MPS items, they are not included in the MRP run.
3. Basically, it ensures the availability of the critical resources which should not hamper the production by maintaining the stock
4. It also provides the facility to work on the production plan interactively.

• Consumption based planning

1. It uses the past consumption data to calculate the future requirements.
2. It has no relation with the independent or dependent requirement instead it is triggered when the stock falls below the reorder point or by forecast requirements.

• The consumption based planning has three types of MRP procedures:

1. Re-order point planning.
2. Forecast based planning.
3. Time phased planning.

• Re-order Point Planning

1. Procurement is triggered when the sum of plant stock and firmed receipts fall below the reorder point.
2. Reorder point covers the material requirements during replenishment lead time.
3. The safety stock takes care of both excess material consumption within the replenishment lead time and any additional requirements that may occur due to delivery delays

• Re-order Point Planning (Re-order point is defined by

Safety stock
Replenishment lead time.
Average consumption.Safety stock is defined by :
Past consumption data.
Vendor/ production delivery timelines.
Service level.
Forecast error

1. Manual Reorder point planningFormula=(procurement processing time+planned delivery time+GR processing time) + Safety stock
2. Automatic reorder point planning

Brief Discription of MRP Types

Forecast based planning

1. It is also based on historical data, or the past material consumption data.
2. Here the forecast values form the basis of the planning run.
3. Based on the consumption pattern the system changes the forecast requirements for future.

Time phased planning

1. This is used specially in case if the planning cycle is known.
2. The materials planned using this is given an MRP date in the planning file.
3. This date is set when creating the material

Planning file

• The Planning file contains the details of the materials that are to be included for the MRP run.
• MRP is to be activated for the plant, an entry for the material is to be made in the planning file for the specific plant for the MRP to happen.
• MRP Run for a material occurs taking the information from the planning file.

1. T-Code for creating planning file - MD20
2. In the background - MDAB
3. Activate MRP & setup planning file - OMDU

There are three types of processing keys for planning run

1. NETCH (Net change planning in total horizon)
2. NETPL (Net change planning in the planning horizon)
3. NEUPL (Regenerative planning)

Planning Run Type-NETCH
1.In this run, the system considers those materials in the planning run from their last MRP run in the total horizon.
2.But then it depends if there was any change in Change in stock.Creation of PRs; POs; etc.Any changes pertaining to receipts & issues.

Planning Run Type-NETPL
1.In this run, the system considers those materials in the planning run which have undergone any change in the planning horizon as defined.
2.Here the number of materials to be taken for MRP Run can be restricted by defining the planning horizon.

Planning Run Type-NEUPL
1.It plans all the materials for the MRP Run irrespective of the changes they undergo.
2.This plan is not so widely used. It takes a long time to obtain the final result.

Planning Process

1. The system checks the planning file
2. The system calculates the net requirements for every material.
3. The system calculates procurement proposals.
4. Scheduling happens.
5. The system determines the type of procurement proposals.
6. During MRP run, the system checks some critical situations which need tobe worked manually and hence it creates exception messages.

Planning can also happens at

1. Storage location
2. MRP Areas
3. Multi Plant/Site planning

Planning Run
It can be run for a plant, group of plants, an MRP area, or several MRP areas.
For a single material or product group.

Planning run can be
Total planning
Single-item, single level planning
Multi-level, single item planning
Interactive planning
Multi-level, make-to-order production
Individual project planningThe system creates procurement proposals which can be planned orders, purchase requisitions, schedule lines.

Planning time fence & planning horizon
This is specially useful in case of MPS scenario where one can save the procurement proposals from undergoing any change since the last planning run.
No automatic changes happen to the procurement proposals once they enter in the planning time fence.
Planning horizon is the period in which the materials which have undergone any changes are taken into MRP run.

Stock requirements list screen - MD04 (Transaction code)

Create PIR (Planned Independent Requirements) - Transaction code MD61

Hit Enter to see the next screen on SAP.

Stock requirements Screen after creating PIR

Run MRP (Transaction code MD02)

Stock requirements list After MRP run

Lot Sizing Procedure
Lot Sizing procedure gives the quantity either to be procured or to be produced.
This can be defined in the lot sizing procedure in customizing for MRP in Check Lot-sizing procedure OR directly can be defined using T-code OMI4.

Three groups of Lot Sizing procedures are available
1.Static lot-sizing procedures
2.Period lot-sizing procedures
3.Optimum lot-sizing procedures

Static Lot Sizing Procedure

In this, the procurement quantity is calculated based on the specifications mentioned in the material master.

The different procedures in this are

1. Lot for lot
2. Fixed lot size
3. Fixed lot size with splitting & overlapping
4. Replenishment up to maximum stock level.

Period Lot Sizing Procedure

1. In this, the system groups the requirements in the defined period and creates a lot.
2. The period can be defined in days, weeks, months, periods of flexible length equal to posting period, freely definable periods according to planning calendar.
3. Splitting and overlapping can also be done.
4. The system sets the availability date to the first requirement date within the period, or the availability date can be set either at the beginning or at the end of the period.

Optimum Lot Sizing Procedure
In the static or period lot sizing, the cost are not taken into consideration.
Here the requirements are grouped together in a way which will reduce the cost.

ATP (Available to Promise)
1.During ATP, the system checks that all issues are covered by existing receipts
2.Hence, if any quantities are left to cater new issues. This is ATPQuantity.

ATP
It can be done at various stages, in the business:
At Sales and distribution:- When creating the Sales order, availability check is carried to know whether the delivery can be done at the required date.
Planned order processing:- When converting a planned order into a production order, to know the material availability to fulfill the production order.
Production order processing:- When processing production orders, to know the material availability.
Inventory Management:- When changing reservations, or doing goods issue, an availability check can be done to know whether it can fulfill the requirement and also whether it affects the availability of other elements.

ATP (Available to Promise)

ATP calculation is as follows:

The receipts (warehouse stock, planned orders, purchase requisitions) are dynamically allocated to the issues (customer requirements, PIRs, reservations), which lie directly after them on the time axis. The calculation is carried out in such a way that the issue is allocated to the receipt that lies nearest to it and that still has a positive ATP quantity.If the ATP quantity of this receipt does not cover the issue then the system will search for and check the next nearest receipt (always in a backwards direction) for a positive ATP quantity, which will then also be allocated to the issue.If receipts do not cover the issue, you must then decide whether you reduce the requirements quantity as necessary or whether you move the requirements date so that requirements coverage can be reached again.

Availability check
Availability Check at Batch Level
If only one batch is entered, the check is carried out on two levels, first against the batch and then against the plant stock.
If a batch and a storage location are entered, the check is carried out on four levels, first against the batch storage loc ation, then against the batch, the storage location and the plant stock.
Availability Check for Individual Customer Stocks and Project Stocks
Individual customer stocks and project stocks are maintained separately in the system and are not contained in plant stock. If an issue is made from individual customer stock or project stock, the availability is checked only for this particular customer stock.

These are the inspection types defined (configured) at client place by me